If you have to control fluids, air, or gasses in your system, valves will help. Valves are critical components in everything from simple domestic tools (like sprinkler systems) to massive mechanical systems (including actual rocket ships from NASA and SpaceX). Most people use valves on their garden hoses and don’t even realize it.

When you need a valve, there are a handful of choices that can solve various issues differently. Making the correct choice based on your specific needs can save you money and time.

We have found that many of our customers ask about the differences between a motorized ball valve vs. a solenoid valve or choosing one over the other.

This article will explain the difference between the two types of automated control valves and the pros and cons of each.

What Is a Solenoid Valve?

A solenoid valve works with an electric current running through a solenoid. A solenoid is a wire coil that acts as an electromagnet. In a valve system, the solenoid controls the current through the valve. In its resting state, a (normally closed*) solenoid valve is closed with a plunger blocking the opening (orifice). To open the valve, a simple electric current runs through the solenoid and creates a magnetic field. This magnetic field lifts the plunger and opens the valve.

*The reverse of this would be a normally open valve that remains open until the valve is shut by an electric current.

Manufacturers use solenoids to control fluids, air and gases because the valves can distribute, release, or mix elements with pinpoint control. Since solenoid valves work with a variety of substances, businesses use them in several capacities.

Solenoids require little power, and they are reliable, durable, and compact.

Click here to read more about how a 2-way solenoid valve works.

Types of Solenoid Valves

Three common types of solenoid valves do different jobs that require fluid movement:

• Two-way solenoid valve: This type of valve has an inlet and outlet connected to the fluid source. Two-way valves only have the option to open or close. The valve closes to shut off the fluid, and the valve opens to let it flow.
• Three-way solenoid valve: This type of valve has three ports. They have three control settings, normally closed, normally open, and general type. With three-way valves, you can divert flow through the different ports.
• Four-way solenoid valve: This type of valve works as a double-acting cylinder. It will have one or two exhaust ports, two-cylinder ports, a pressure port, and a few connectors.

Pros and Cons of Solenoid Valves

Pros of Solenoid Valves:

• Fast response time: They can open or close almost instantaneously, making them ideal for quick response applications like safety shut offs and fire systems.
• Energy efficient: Solenoid valves require no power to maintain their default (normally open or normally closed) position.
• Low price point: They are an affordable option for many systems.
• Compact and lightweight: Easy to install, especially in systems with limited space.
• Easy to maintain: Minimal upkeep is required, and components like coils can be easily replaced when needed..
• High cycle capacity: Capable of handling frequent operation cycles.
• Automation-friendly: Easily integrated into automation systems through multiple devices.

Cons of Solenoid Valves:

• Limited flow capacity: They are not suitable for applications that require high flow rates.
• Limited pressure rating: They may not handle high-pressure applications well and often need pilot designs for pressure differentials.
• Limited to On/Off control: Primarily used for on/off control and are not suitable for modulating flow.
• No manual overrides: Most solenoid valves lack manual control options in case of system failure.
• Susceptible to clogging: Can become clogged if the fluid or gas being controlled contains particulate matter or debris.
• Noise generation: The rapid opening and closing can create a clicking sound, which may be undesirable in certain environments.
• Continuous power requirement: They don't need power to hold their default position, but they require continuous power to stay in an energized position, which can be costly and lead to coil burnout if overused
• Water hammer risk: They can be susceptible to water hammer (pressure surges) due to their fast closing action

What Is a Motorized Ball Valve?

Electric ball valves use motors to rotate a ball with a hole in the center to control flow. When the hole is in line with the flow, the valve is fully open, and when it is turned perpendicular to the flow, it is closed. These types of automated valves don’t require power to hold position like solenoid valves. Some electric actuated ball valves can be opened or closed manually.

Ball valves work well in situations that involve large volumes of flow. For example, airports use them for de-icing aircraft, greenhouse managers use them for  watering greenhouses, and farmers use them for watering large farms. Buildings with fire suppression technology rely on ball valves for opening and closing the sprinkler heads.

Motorized ball valves allow liquid, gas, or air through electric controls. Some have several valves to manage large systems.

Types of Motorized Valve

Three types of motorized valves help move fluid through pipelines:

• Quarter-turn motorized valve: This type of valve uses a 90° (quarter-turn) to open and close a port. These actuators rely on ball valves and plugs, chokes, and butterfly valves to open and close to precisely let fluid move.
• Multi-turn motorized valve: These actuators use balls, gates, or other tools to open and close valves with complex needs.
• Linear-motorized valve: A linear valve will work with control or diaphragm valves for fluid movement.

Pros and Cons of Motorized Ball Valves

Pros of Motorized Ball Valves:

• Higher pressure and flow capacity: They handle higher pressures and flow rates better than solenoid valves
• Consistent performance: Even with a pressure drop, motorized ball valves maintain a steady flow.
• Greater Cv value: They offer a higher flow coefficient (Cv) compared to solenoid valves of the same size.
• Automation-friendly: Easily integrated into automation systems through multiple devices.
• Cost-effective operation: May have lower total operating costs as they don't require continuous power to maintain their position
• Affordable: Generally more expensive than solenoid valves of the same size, but less expensive than most alternatives.
• Durability: More reliable for continuous operation since they aren’t prone to burning out like solenoids.
• Bidirectional flow control: Capable of controlling flow in both directions.
• Less clogging risk: The ball valve design is less susceptible to clogging from dirt and debris in the fluid.
• Reduced water hammer risk: The slower movement of motorized ball valves can help mitigate the water hammer effect in systems prone to this issue.
• Quieter operation: They operate with minimal noise, unlike solenoid valves.
• Power outage resilience: They can maintain their position without power, which is advantageous in applications where power outages are common.

Cons of Motorized Ball Valves:

• Slower operation: They open and close more slowly than solenoid valves.
• Wear and tear: The ball inside the valve can wear out over time, especially with frequent use.
• Larger and heavier: Generally bulkier and heavier than solenoid valves, requiring more installation space.
• Complex servicing: If internal components are damaged, they can be more challenging to repair than solenoid valves.
• Non-replaceable components: The ball cannot be easily replaced, unlike solenoid valves which can be rebuilt.
• Higher cost: Electric ball valves tend to be more expensive than solenoid valves, especially for larger sizes and complex applications

Comparison Table: Solenoid Valves vs. Electric Ball Valves

To help you quickly understand the differences between solenoid valves and electric ball valves, we've put together a comprehensive comparison table. This table highlights the key features of both valve types, making it easier for you to determine which one best suit your application needs.

Choosing the Right Valve:

The choice between a solenoid valve and an electric ball valve depends on the specific application requirements. Consider factors such as flow rate, pressure, media type, response time, cost, and power availability when making your decision.

When to Choose a Solenoid Valve Over a Motorized Ball Valve?

• You need a fast response time: Solenoid valves excel in applications where rapid opening and closing are essential, such as safety shut-off systems, emergency venting, or precise control of short bursts of fluid or gas.
• On/off control is sufficient: If the application only needs basic on/off control and doesn't require precise flow modulation, a solenoid valve is a straightforward solution.
• You have a limited space for installation: Solenoid valves are compact and lightweight, making them ideal for installations in limited space or where weight could be a concern.
• Low flow requirements: Solenoid valves are suitable for controlling fluids or gasses with lower flow demands.
• The media is relatively clean: Solenoid valves are more prone to clogging from particulate matter and debris, so they are better suited for clean fluids or gasses.
• Cost is a major factor: Solenoid valves are generally more affordable than motorized ball valves.

Why Choose a Motorized Ball Valve Over a Solenoid Valve?

• High Flow Rates and Pressures are Involved: Motorized ball valves can handle larger volumes of fluid and higher pressures, such as in industrial processes or large-scale systems.
• Precise Flow Control is Necessary: If your application requires fine-tuning of flow rates, such as in mixing, blending, or process control, motorized ball valves offer superior modulation.
• You need bidirectional flow control: Motorized ball valves can control flow in both directions.
• You need a valve that operates quietly: Generally quieter than solenoid valves, which can be important in noise-sensitive environments.
• The media contains particulate matter: Motorized ball valves are less prone to clogging, making them more suitable for handling fluids or gasses that might contain particulate matter.
• Power outages are a concern: The ability to maintain their position without power can be vital in systems where uninterrupted flow or a specific valve state must be preserved even during power failures.

Or to put this all another way:

• Flow rate and pressure requirements: Ball valves are generally better for high flow and pressure applications.
• Need for fast response time: Solenoid valves excel in applications where quick on/off control is crucial.
• Frequency of operation: Solenoid valves are generally more suited for high-cycle applications.
• Power availability and concerns: Ball valves are advantageous in situations with potential power outages.
• Cost considerations: Solenoid valves are typically more cost-effective, but the total cost of ownership can be influenced by factors like power consumption and maintenance needs.
• Space constraints: Solenoid valves are more compact and may be preferable in tight installations.
• Media type: Consider the chemical compatibility of the valve materials with the fluid or gas being controlled, especially for corrosive or abrasive media.

Ultimately, the best choice of valve will depend on the specific requirements of your application. If you need assistance or have any questions, our valve experts are available to chat during regular business hours.

FAQs About Solenoid Valves vs. Motorized Ball Valves

What’s the difference between a solenoid valve and a motorized ball valve?

Solenoid valves are quick-acting and use an electromagnet to control flow, while motorized ball valves use a motor to rotate a ball for more gradual flow control. Solenoid valves are ideal for precise, small-scale operations, whereas motorized ball valves handle larger flow volumes.

Which valve is better for high-pressure systems?

Motorized ball valves are better suited for high-pressure systems due to their durability and ability to handle larger flow rates without significant pressure drops.

How do solenoid valves and motorized ball valves differ in terms of energy consumption?

Solenoid valves generally consume less energy while operating, but they require continuous power to remain in an energized state. Motorized ball valves, on the other hand, do not require continuous power to maintain their position, which can lead to lower overall energy consumption, particularly in systems where the valve remains in a single position for long periods.

Can both solenoid valves and motorized ball valves be used in outdoor applications?

Yes, both types of valves can be used in outdoor applications, but it's important to select models with appropriate weatherproofing or enclosures with the right IP ratings to protect against environmental factors such as moisture, dust, and temperature extremes.

Can a solenoid valve be used in HVAC systems?

Yes, solenoid valves are commonly used in HVAC systems for precise control of airflow and fluid. However, motorized ball valves are also used when more gradual flow control is needed

Final Thoughts

In the end, to decide what type of valve to use, you need to understand why you need a valve. If you have further questions or guidance for the correct valves for your project, our valve experts are available by phone or chat on Electricsolenoidvalves.com.

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